Still making my way through the dConstruct podcasts.

John Gruber’s talk, the Auteur Theory of Design was an interesting counterpoint to Hannah Donovan’s wonderful Jam Session: what improvisation can teach us about design. Donovan’s arguments really appealed to me, because I’m fascinated by collaboration and the processes you can employ for productive group work, what with being an ITP alum and all that. Gruber’s argument is that ultimately all worthwhile creative endeavour is the work of one mind. No matter how many people are involved in a project, creativity only works well as a benign dictatorship.

It’s an argument that reminds me of the lionising of CEOs – the absolute identification of the success or failure of a company with one person at the top. The guy at the top (and it’s nearly always a man) is the one who makes everything else happen. He is the prime mover. The corollary is that he must be paid enormous sums of money. David Prosser wrote about the Cult of the CEO in the Independent some months back:

It’s no coincidence that it is impossible to talk to a modern chief executive for more than five minutes before he begins using words such as vision, transformation and historic. These messianic leaders often regard actually running their companies as secondary to working on the dynamic dream of the future.

Prosser talks in the article about the tendency to see people in binary terms – the good guy and the bad guy. The more important binary to my mind is that between the people that matter and the people that don’t. The men at the top who earn massive salaries, have visions, and create success (in whatever form), and the rest of the drones who carry our the orders bring the vision to reality. That’s what I hear in Gruber’s argument too – that in creative endeavours involving multiple people, one person matters and everyone else is just doing their bidding. One person has vision and everyone else buys into it.

I guess I am more interested in what is happening with the people downstairs than with the bigshot thinking the thoughts and giving the orders. There is creativity down there, and ingenuity, even if it is not so well remunerated or celebrated.

I’ve read this phrase on a couple of blogs recently in reference to people who complain about new designs to services, e.g. Google Instant, New Twitter etc.

I’m very familiar at the moment with irrational hatred of any change. I live with a 2 year old. Like many toddlers, she thinks that if you do something once it is a tradition, if you do it twice it is a religious ritual that must always be done in exactly the same way. When you find yourself agreeing to throw out a bowl of cereal because the wrong person took the milk out of the fridge you know you’re in real “I fear change” territory.

There is a particular narrative of recent technological change (this blog post by Jeremy Keith in opposition to the Digital Economy Act is a pretty good exemplar) that sees change as progress and fear of change as irrational conservatism. And to a large extent the narrative holds true.

Keith quotes from John Philip Sousa on sound recording technology:

These talking machines are going to ruin the artistic development of music in this country… We will not have a vocal cord left. The vocal cord will be eliminated by a process of evolution, as was the tail of man when he came from the ape.

Which is funny. But Sousa wasn’t entirely wrong, was he? Hannah Donovan gave a wonderful talk/Jam Session at dConstruct where she talked about the deleterious effect recorded music had on improvisation. Live, participatory, spontaneous performance did give way for almost a century to the primacy of recorded music. We almost lost our tail there for a second…

I suppose Keith’s point is that it is the fear that is silly. Not that change is always good. But that approaching it with fear prevents us from seeing it clearly. Of course, approaching it with excitement has the same effect. People (like me, a lot of the time) who are very excited about new things, often can’t really see what’s really good about them, never mind what’s bad.

I do worry a little though that continuity is underrated at the moment. There seems to be a cultural bias in favour of rapid change and a lack of patience with expectations that things continue in the same way for a while. Learning how to be constantly adapting to fast-paced change must affect how we behave and how we think of ourselves in the world. I’m far more interested in how this has changed us than whether Google/the Internet/mobiles phones are making us stupid (we were stupid already, let’s face it.)

Culture exists in institutions – old, venerable buildings that have continuously housed the same organisation for centuries, command a respect from us that speaks to a need for continuity. It is easy now to organise rapidly and temporarily, but that shouldn’t mean that we allow important institutions to be dismantled just because they are old. The same blindness that prevented people from seeing how video tapes would transform the film industry also prevents people from seeing why libraries are still important even when there are Kindles. Keeping good stuff around is as important for shaping a good future as making room for the new stuff.

The RSA has released a report called Connected Communities that looks at how studying social networks can help with regeneration projects. It’s all related to the Big Society blah that David Cameron used to talk about a lot.

I haven’t read the whole report yet, just the executive summary, but one of the key findings is incredible:
“A quarter of our respondents could not name anyone in their social network who they thought could help them contact someone with influence, power, or responsibility to change things locally.”

One in four people in the area studied don’t think they know anyone who knows anyone that can get things done in their area.

Yesterday I was listening to the New Web podcast and during a discussion about Google one of the contributors mentions how if you don’t like a Google product and you complain about it that the next release will include it. And I thought “that depends on who you are, and where you post your complaint”. This man’s experience of the world is that large technology companies are very responsive to the needs expressed by him and his peers. I don’t think that’s everybody’s experience.

But for the quarter of people in New Cross Gate who feel so removed from anybody who can help them make a difference to the place where they live? That’s a type of dislocation that is totally at odds with the ways I normally think of a world that seems to be making it easier for people to connect.

I just learnt a new phrase – social proof. It is when people believe that something is true not because of facts, or proof, or statistics, but because that is what everybody else thinks. I suppose it is what people call “common sense”, which I always think is a very different thing from good sense.

I’m going to keep my eye out for examples of this in the online world, I know there is often consensus around ideas that seems to me to be based on very little other that fellow feeling, e.g. people are not prepared to pay for content online. The ridicule of the Times for their paywall seemed to be mostly based on the idea that it “obviously” wasn’t going to work. Roy Greenslade in the Guardian was interesting on the reasons it might. We’ll see how it goes.

I recently read Clay Shirky’s second book Cognitive Surplus. It’s great, I recommend making time to read it.

He claims “in the whole of the developed work, the three most common activities are now work, sleep, and watching TV.” (p.6). His argument is based on what happens when one of these things (watching TV) starts to take up less of people’s time.

But what has struck me since reading it is that it’s not just TV watching that is undergoing profound changes at the moment. Work, the number 1 way of spending our time, is undergoing drastic shifts at the moment.

Today is the day that the latest unemployment figures came out in the US. They were better than expected, although the expectations were dismal. As Larry Elliot in the Guardian points out, the numbers are only a fraction of what is needed to bring down the unemployment rate. Paul Krugman at the New York Times is worried that unemployment in the US will become structural, and that the Fed will cease to see it as being its job to maintain full employment.

Employment figures in other advanced economies in Europe are not faring well either. In Spain unemployment is at a startling 20% and in Ireland it’s above 13%. Figures are lower in the UK at the moment, but even there they are rising. In both the US and UK new jobs that have been created since the financial crisis have mostly been temporary and often part-time in nature. Larry Elliot again says that many of the people in the US working part time are not doing so through choice. The same is true in the UK.

So people have even more “free” time than they used to.

Does this mean more cognitive surplus? More potential for people to undertake important projects?

Or might having “free” time rely on having “non-free”, or “paid” time. When you have no work, which part of your time is free? Is all of it free? or is does free time imply that some of the time you are not free and are engaged in more important activities?

I suspect the answer relies in part on your own disposition, financial circumstances, social network, other responsibilities, and the length of time you are left with a large surplus of “free” time. We are all familiar with “free as in beer” vs “free as in speech”, but “free as in time” is different again. It combines both freedom from constraint, and freedom from payment.

If Cognitive Surplus is an important idea and significant resource (and I think it is), the effect of increasing work insecurity will matter to how it is thought about and used. I’m going to be thinking about this, and seeing if I can get some other people to bash heads around it, over the next while.

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